国外煤地下气化的燎原之势
朱铭1 余学东2 徐道一3 韩孟4 孙文鹏5
1. 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所;2. 中国矿业大学;3、中国地震局地质研究所;
4、中国社会科学院经济研究所;5、核工业北京地质研究院
摘要:在20世纪50年代,煤地下气化(UCG)在前苏联已有广泛开展。由于大量油气田的发现,所开展的UCG大多终止于上世纪60年代,仅乌兹别克安格连的UCG一直被用于发电至今50年之久。UCG生产的产品不仅便宜,而且还是清洁能源产品的一种来源,因为产生的所有二氧化碳能在它到达消费末端目的地之前用碳俘获和储存技术(CCS)就得到处理。UCG相伴的勘探和评估风险比石油和天然气要小得多。在石油、天然气急剧涨价、以及对环境严格要求的今天,一些事实已证明UCG与碱性燃料电池(AFC)、CO2的俘获和储存(CCS)相结合,其成本明显低于核电、太阳能和风能。
当前越来越多的国家已经认识到,UCG是目前解决世界级能源困境的好方案之一,UCG可作为最清洁、最有效、最廉价的能源之一。只有发展UCG,才能解决高价能源以及环境与能源需求之间的剧烈矛盾。一些国家(如英国、澳大利亚、南非、加拿大、美国、印度、中欧地区等)有的早已开始UCG项目,取得一定程度实效;有的正在筹备UCG项目或开展研究。进展快的如沿英国四周和近海已有18个UCG项目被英国政府批准给予勘探的许可证。国外的UCG已初步具有燎原之势。
Abstract: Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) had extensively been developed in the former Soviet Union in 1950’s. But the most of UCG’s projects had been terminated as a lot of oil and gas fields were being looked for in 1960’s. So far the Angren station of UCG in Uzbekistan to be only residual has been generating for more than half a century. UCG’s product is not only the most cheapest than oil and gas, but also is one of the sources of clean energy because of by-product CO2 can be captured and stored before it consumed. In addition, the exploration and it’s risk estimated for UCG are less than for oil and gas. When the price of oil and nature gas sharply rise and environmental protection is strictly required today, some fact has demonstrated that if to combine UCG with alkaline fuel cell (AFC) and CO2 capture and store (CCS) , its cost will clearly show lower than of nuclear energy, sun and wind.
Current it has known that UCG will be one of the excellent solution of difficult problems for world scale energy by more countries, as UCG can be one of the cleanest, the most effective and the cheapest energy. Developing UCG only, it would be to solve the intense contradiction between high price and environment and requirement of energy. Some Countries (e.g. the United kingdom , Australia, South Africa, Canada, United states, India, middle Europe area and so on) have early lunched UCG projects and got really the effect. UK’s gevoment had fast approved 18 licenses to operators for UCG projects around coastal in England。It initially has the trend of spread through abroad for UCG.