ENN煤炭地下气化
陈 峰
新奥气化采煤有限公司总工程师
煤炭地下气化以其潜在的卓越的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益赢得了世界各国煤炭行业的关注。从上世纪50年代以来,先后有前苏联、美国、加拿大、中国、澳大利亚、南非等国进行了相关技术的开发。目前,正在运行的地下气化项目有澳大利亚的Linc 能源公司的UCG—GTL项目、南非Eskom公司的UCG发电项目,以及中国ENN的UCG项目等。
经过五年多的发展,ENN地下气化项目建设有室内地下气化试验系统(隶属煤基低碳能源国家重点实验室,廊坊)和煤炭地下气化工业化示范基地(在内蒙古乌兰察布市),构建了完善的UCG技术体系,在二氧化碳/纯氧气化工艺、氡探测地下燃烧面、气化炉型设计及钻井贯通方式、污染物预测及控制方面实现技术创新,获取UCG选址评价、富氧气化工艺、气化过程稳定控制、以及UCG经济性评价等多项技术成果,申报专利60余项,得到多项国家政策支持,并承担5项国家级科研课题。
截至目前,现场已累计气化煤炭12万吨,UCG煤气发电稳定运行26个月,3#气化炉连续稳定产气超过30个月,4#工业性气化炉2012年10月份点火开始运行,五年的环境监测累计数据显示UCG对地下周围环境没有污染。对O2/CO2地下气化制LNG的市场及技术经济分析,发现年产2亿方LNG的销售价格在2.8元/Nm3时,项目的税前内部收益率达到19%,ENN决定未来将进行UCG—LNG项目的示范性生产,预期产能为年产6亿方LNG。
The Underground coal gasification (UCG) technology has been attracting the most attention of the world coal industry for its excellent potential economic, environmental and social benefits. Since 1950s, the former Soviet Union, America, Canada, China, Australia, South Africa and other countries have studied and developed the UCG technology. Currently, there are several UCG projects, such as the Australian Linc Energy’s UCG-GTL project, South Africa's UCG power generation project, as well as Chinese ENN's UCG project, are running.
After more than five years of development, the ENN’s UCG project has constructed the pilot underground gasification system ( belong to the State Key Laboratory of the coal-based low-carbon energy, Langfang) and UCG commercialization demonstration base (Wulanchabu city, Inner Mongolia), and established a perfect UCG technology system. Many technological innovations has been made in the carbon dioxide/oxygen gasification technology, the underground combustion surface measurement by the determination of radon, gas generator design and connection of the wells, the prediction and control of the contamination as well. Lots of technological achievements has been made in UCG site evaluation, oxygen-rich gasification process, the processing stabilized control of the underground gasification, and UCG economic evaluation. ENN has applied more than 60 patents related UCG., 14 of them been authorized The ENN’s UCG project has got a number of national policy support and undertaken five national technical tasks.
As of now, it has totally gasified 120,000 tons of coal, the generator powered by UCG syngas run continuously for more than 26 months, the 3# gas generator produced gas stably last for more than 30 months, 4# industrialized gas generator was ignited in October 2012. The cumulative environmental monitoring data during the five-year shows the UCG operation hasn’t contaminated the underground aquifer. The feasibility study of the O2/CO2 underground gasification to produce LNG (liquid natural gas) shows the pre-tax internal rate of return is 19% when the LNG sales price is 2.8¥/Nm3 and the annual production capacity is 2 billion cubic meters of LNG. In the future, ENN will carry out the UCG -LNG commercial project, the total production capacity will be 600 million cubic meters LNG every year.