二代能源作物沼气工程
——能源型沼气工程发展的新思路
肖正,赵超,刘斌*
(国家菌草工程技术研究中心;福建农林大学生物能源研究所、食品科学学院)
本文分析了二代能源作物作为未来能源型沼气工程原料的必然性和在中国发展二代能源作物沼气工程的可行性,并简要介绍了本实验室已开展的研究。在中国发展生物质能需要满足“不争地、粮、油、糖”的要求,使得第一代能源作物生物质能的发展在国内受阻。二代能源作物以高大多年生草本科植物为主,以它们作为未来能源型沼气工程的原料,符合不威胁粮油糖的基本条件,满足了不占优良耕地的资源要求,具备低投入高产出的市场价值,因而将会带来巨大的生态效益和经济效益,具有十分广阔的前景。本实验室以巨菌草、五节芒等代表性的二代能源作物为研究对象,开展了以其为唯一原料发酵沼气的相关研究。我们已富集得到了中温和高温高效降解二代能源作物的产沼气菌群;并利用现代分子生物学技术对菌群的菌落结构和发酵过程中的变化进行了分析;对不同生长期作物的生长状况、营养成分和发酵潜力进行了分析,以确定最佳的收割时期;以生物处理为主研究了预处理方法;优化了新鲜草和干燥草的各种发酵参数,初步建立起了以二代能源作物为唯一发酵原料的中温
和高温发酵工艺、湿发酵和干发酵工艺。
Biogas Project of the Second-generation Energy Crops
——A new idea for the development of energy-type biogas project
Xiao Zheng, Zhao Chao, Liu Bin*
(National Engineering Research Center of Juncao, College of Food Science and Institute of
Bioenergy, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University)
The necessity of the second-generation energy crops as the feedstock of the future energy-type biogas project and the feasibility of its development in China were analyzed, and the related research in our laboratory was briefly introduced. The biomass energy in China need to avoid " struggling for land, grain, oil and sugar ", so that the development of biomass energy of the first-generation energy crops was blocked. The Second-generation Energy Crops, which mainly included tall perennial grass, Biogas Project of the Second-generation Energy Crops haven’t struggling for grain, oil and sugar, little share of good arable land resources and high output/input rate. It would bring enormous ecological and economic benefits. Our laboratory had conducted research about second-generation energy crops as the only raw material for biogas fermentation, using giant JUNCAO and Miscanthus and so on. We had enriched thermophilic and mesophilic biogas-producing flora which could degrade second-generation energy crops efficiently, and then their structure and variation in the fermentation process were analyzed using modern molecular biology techniques. To determine the best harvest time, we detected the growth conditions, nutrients and fermentation potential of the these crops in different growth period. We optimized their pretreatment and fermentation technology, and initially established the thermophilic and mesophilic, wet and dry fermentation technology with second-generation energy crops as pure feedstocks.